Other Personality Types (Not Disorders)
Some personality types are not classified as disorders.
Passive-Aggressive (Negativistic) Personality: People with a passive-aggressive personality behave in ways that appear inept or passive. However, these behaviors are actually ways to avoid responsibility or to control or punish others. People with a passive-aggressive personality often procrastinate, perform tasks inefficiently, or claim an implausible disability. Frequently, they agree to perform tasks they do not want to perform and then subtly undermine completion of the tasks. Such behavior usually enables them to deny or conceal hostility or disagreements.
Cyclothymic Personality: People with cyclothymic personality alternate between high-spirited buoyancy and gloomy pessimism. Each mood lasts weeks or longer. Mood changes occur regularly and without any identifiable external cause. Many gifted and creative people have this personality type.
Manic-depressive illness: In manic-depressive Illness, also called bipolar disorder, episodes of depression alternate with episodes of mania or lesser degrees of joyousness or elation.
Manic-depressive illness affects slightly less than 2% of the U.S. population to some degree. The disorder is believed to be hereditary, although the exact genetic defect is still unknown. Manic-depressive illness affects men and women equally. However, women are more likely to have symptoms of depression, whereas men are more likely to have symptoms of mania. Manic-depressive illness is more common among people in upper socioeconomic classes and usually begins in a person's teens, 20s, or 30s.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Manic-depressive illness usually begins with depression and includes at least one episode of mania at some time during the disorder. Episodes of depression typically last for 3 to 6 months. In the most severe form of the disorder, called bipolar I disorder, depression alternates with intense mania. In the less severe form, called bipolar II disorder, short episodes of depression alternate with hypomania. The depressive and manic episodes often recur according to the season; for example, depression occurs in the fall and winter, and mania occurs in the spring or summer.
In an even less severe form of manic-depressive illness, called cyclothymic disorder, episodes of elation and sadness are less intense, typically last for only a few days, and recur fairly often at irregular intervals. Although cyclothymic disorder may ultimately evolve into a more severe form of manic-depressive illness, in many people cyclothymic disorder never progresses. Having cyclothymic disorder may contribute to a person's success in business, leadership, achievement, and artistic creativity. However, it may also cause uneven work and school records, frequent change of residence, repeated romantic breakups or marital failure, and alcohol and drug abuse. In about one third of people with cyclothymic disorder, these symptoms can lead to a mood disorder that requires treatment.
The diagnosis of manic-depressive illness is based on the distinctive pattern of symptoms. A doctor determines whether the person is experiencing an episode of mania or depression so that the correct treatment can be given. About one of three people with manic-depressive illness experiences symptoms of mania (or hypomania) and depression simultaneously. This condition is known as a mixed bipolar state.
Depressive Personality: This personality type is characterized by chronic moroseness, worry, and self-consciousness. People have a pessimistic outlook, which impairs their initiative and disheartens others. To them, satisfaction seems undeserved and sinful. They may unconsciously believe their suffering is a badge of merit needed to earn the love or admiration of others.
Passive-Aggressive (Negativistic) Personality: People with a passive-aggressive personality behave in ways that appear inept or passive. However, these behaviors are actually ways to avoid responsibility or to control or punish others. People with a passive-aggressive personality often procrastinate, perform tasks inefficiently, or claim an implausible disability. Frequently, they agree to perform tasks they do not want to perform and then subtly undermine completion of the tasks. Such behavior usually enables them to deny or conceal hostility or disagreements.
Cyclothymic Personality: People with cyclothymic personality alternate between high-spirited buoyancy and gloomy pessimism. Each mood lasts weeks or longer. Mood changes occur regularly and without any identifiable external cause. Many gifted and creative people have this personality type.
Manic-depressive illness: In manic-depressive Illness, also called bipolar disorder, episodes of depression alternate with episodes of mania or lesser degrees of joyousness or elation.
Manic-depressive illness affects slightly less than 2% of the U.S. population to some degree. The disorder is believed to be hereditary, although the exact genetic defect is still unknown. Manic-depressive illness affects men and women equally. However, women are more likely to have symptoms of depression, whereas men are more likely to have symptoms of mania. Manic-depressive illness is more common among people in upper socioeconomic classes and usually begins in a person's teens, 20s, or 30s.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Manic-depressive illness usually begins with depression and includes at least one episode of mania at some time during the disorder. Episodes of depression typically last for 3 to 6 months. In the most severe form of the disorder, called bipolar I disorder, depression alternates with intense mania. In the less severe form, called bipolar II disorder, short episodes of depression alternate with hypomania. The depressive and manic episodes often recur according to the season; for example, depression occurs in the fall and winter, and mania occurs in the spring or summer.
In an even less severe form of manic-depressive illness, called cyclothymic disorder, episodes of elation and sadness are less intense, typically last for only a few days, and recur fairly often at irregular intervals. Although cyclothymic disorder may ultimately evolve into a more severe form of manic-depressive illness, in many people cyclothymic disorder never progresses. Having cyclothymic disorder may contribute to a person's success in business, leadership, achievement, and artistic creativity. However, it may also cause uneven work and school records, frequent change of residence, repeated romantic breakups or marital failure, and alcohol and drug abuse. In about one third of people with cyclothymic disorder, these symptoms can lead to a mood disorder that requires treatment.
The diagnosis of manic-depressive illness is based on the distinctive pattern of symptoms. A doctor determines whether the person is experiencing an episode of mania or depression so that the correct treatment can be given. About one of three people with manic-depressive illness experiences symptoms of mania (or hypomania) and depression simultaneously. This condition is known as a mixed bipolar state.
Depressive Personality: This personality type is characterized by chronic moroseness, worry, and self-consciousness. People have a pessimistic outlook, which impairs their initiative and disheartens others. To them, satisfaction seems undeserved and sinful. They may unconsciously believe their suffering is a badge of merit needed to earn the love or admiration of others.
posted by ssmz at 5:34 PM
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